Rock-core drill



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. F. DUGGAN 8v M. C. BULLOCK.

ROCK GUEB' DRILL. U

Patented Oct. 22, 1895.

Nmmllllll M Zan (No Model.) 2 Sheets-.Sheet 2. J; P. DUGGAN 8v M. G. BULLOGK'.

RUGK GORI: DRILL.

Patented Oct. 22, 1895.

lwmn HEM. amcofi] am UNITED STATES PATENT EETCE.

JAMES F. DUGGAN AND MILAN C. BULLOCK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ROCK-CORE DRILL.

SFECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 548,607, dated October 22, 1895.

Application tiled September 23, 1892. Serial No. 446,650. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that we, Janus F. DUGGAN and MILAN C. BULLOCK, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rock-Core Drills; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference beingvhad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Our invention relates to that class of drills known as corefdrills, which are used in prospecting for mineral deposits and for similar purposes, and by the use of which cylindrical masses or cores may be removed intact from the boring to determine the character of the strata encountered during the boring operations, and more especially to the construction of the core-lifter or gripping device by which the core is gripped and held for lifting it from the bored hole in withdrawing the drilling-tool therefrom.

Our invention consists in certain peculiar and novel features of construction and arrangement, as hereinafter described and claimed.

In order that our invention may be fully understood, we will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is an axial longitudinal section of a core-drill embodying our present invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the same on the line 3 3 of Fig. l. Fig. et is a detached pian view of the coregripping ring. Fig. 5 is a view of the coregripping ring, partly in side elevation and partly in longitudinal section. Fig. 6 is a view of the lower core-barrel section, partly in side elevation and partly in longitudinal section. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the same on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6.

In the said drawings, A designates the upper or body portion of the tubular drill-rod, this drill-rod being of any preferred length, and also of any preferred internal and external diameter, as the requirements of the particular classes of work may render desirable. At its lower end said tubular drill-rod is provided with an internal screw-thread a, which is formed upon the surface of an internal offset extending from the lower extremity of the drill-rod upward.

B designates a bit or tubular drill-head, the internal diameter of which is preferably somewhatless than the diameter of the bore of the drill-rod A. At a point somewhat above its lower end the bit or head B is pro vided with an external annular upwardlyfacing shoulder b, so that the external diameter of the head or bit is greater below the said shoulder h. The upper portion of the bit or head B is preferably tapered upward and outward internally, as at b3, and is formed with an external screw-thread b', which engages the internal screwthread a of the tubular drill-rod A, this external screw-thread b eX- tending from the upper end of the bit B downward to an external annular upwardly-facing shoulder bwhich is located some distance above the shoulder b, above referred to, and which abuts against the lower extremity of said drill-rod.

In the drawings we have shown a number of vertical channels h3 as formed longitudinally through the lower end of the bit B, there being any preferred number of these channels arranged in circular order and opening at their upper ends into the bore of the bit, while the lower ends of the channels open through the lower surface of the bit. The purpose of these channels h3 is to permit a part of the water which is forced into the drill-rod from above to dow downward between the inner and outer margins of the lower end of the bit or head. We desire it to be understood that these channels h3 may be employed or dispensed with, as preferred. They may be employed in the larger sizes of drills and dispensed with in smaller sizes,if desired.

B designates the usual cutting-diamonds which are inserted at or near the outer margin of the lower end of the bit- B, and B2 designates similar cutting-diamonds which are inserted at or near the inner margin of the lower end of the bit.

We have not deemed it requisite to show the operative connections at the upper end of the drill-rod A nor the couplings for uniting the several drill-rod sections, inasmuch as these parts do not constitute any essential IOO part of our present invention and may be of the usual or any preferred types of construction.

O designates a core-barrel located within the drill-rod and somewhat less in external diameter than the internal diameter of the said drillrod. The core barrel is made thicker at its lower end than in its main part to provide for the connection by screw-threads of other parts therewith, thereby forming an external tapered part c. At its lower end the core-barrel is provided with an external screwthread c', which extends from the lower extremity of the oore-barrel upward to an external downwardly-facing shoulder c2, which is formed some distance above the lower extremity of the barrel C.

D designates the core-lifter shell, and E the core-lifter or core-lifting ring. The shell D is secured to the lower end of the core-barrel, extends below the said core-barrel, and is enlarged internally or provided with an internal annular recess to receive the core-lifting ring, generally in the manner heretofore common. Said shell is provided at its upper end with an internal screw-thread d, which engages the screw-thread c of the core-barrel C to connect said parts together. Externally the said shell D is provided with a plurality of spiral channels or grooves d', which extend from the upper to the lower end of the shell and which serve as conduits for downflowing water, as hereinafter more fully explained. Interiorly the shell D is provided with a number of annular projections or horizontal ribs D D D', of which three are shown in the drawings, said ribs being inclined downwardly and inwardly on their inner faces. The said ribs D D D are vertically notched or grooved at close intervals throughout their circumference, so as to divide the said ribs into a plurality of projections or lugs (Z2 d2. Said lugs are shown as formed integrally with the shellD; but it is to be understood that the lugs may be bolted, riveted, socketed, or otherwise separably secured to the shell, as preferred.

The core-lifter E is in the form of a split ring-that is to say, it is divided vertically at one side only-and is elastic or resilient and adapted to normally spring open. This ring is of less length or height than the shell D and is adapted to move vertically within the latter. Internally the ring E is perfectly smooth, while the outer surface of the ringis provided with a plurality of projections e, the outer surfaces of which are inclined upwardly and outwardly from the ring, or,in other words, are inclined oppositely from the direction of inclination of the projections cl2 of the shell D. As shown, there are three annular sets of these projections e, each set extending horizontally entirely around the ring, and cach projection of one set engaging one of the projections of the corresponding set upon the shell D. The projections e are also shown as formed integrally with the ring E; but it is to be understood that these projections, like the projections cl2, may be bolted, riveted, socketed, or otherwise separably secured to the ring. It is also to be understood that the precise number of sets of projections e may be varied to accord with variations in the number of sets of projec tions d2.

In order to prevent possibility of the shell D turning upon or unscrewing from the corebarrel C, we have shown a fiat spring-arm F as secured to one side of the core-barrel C, preferably by two rivets f, and overlapping the lifting-ring shell D, this shell being pro vided with a groove or recess f', which is formed in the side of the upper extremity of the said lifting-ring shell D. When the lifting-ring casing is to be detached from the core-barreL'the lower end of this spring-arm is pulled out of the groove or recess f and the shell is unscrewed from the core-barrel.

We have not deemed it necessary to show the connections at the upper end of the corebarrel for raising and lowering the sante, inasmuch as such connections may be of the usual or any preferred type, and form no essential feature of our present invention.

Vhen the drill is being used, the corebarrel C is located in the lower end of the drill-rod in the position shown in the drawings, and as the drill-rod descends and. the core formed by the annular bit rises within the core-barrel the core will engage frictionally with the core-lifting ring sufficiently to maintain the ring in elevated position within the shell, thus permitting the ring to expand and allowing the core to pass freely through it.

In cases where, from the character of the work, water which is forced downwardly through the drill-rod to remove the detritus from the cutting-head is excluded from the interior of the core-barrel, or,in other words, is carried between the drill-rod and the corebarrel only, such water finds its passage through the spiral channels CZ CZ', and from thence around the lower edge of the drill-head B in the usual manner, a part of the water passing downwardly through the channels or passages b3 when the latter are present. In eases where. from the character of the work, water is allowed to flow through the core-barrel, as well as outside of the same, the water entering the upper end of the corexbarrel passes between the core and the barrel until it reaches the core-lifting ring, when it passes outside of the same through the vertical spaces or channels formed by and between the projections d2 cl2, meeting the water which passes outside of the core-barrel at the lower end of the shell D.

In core-lifting devices as heretofore constructed the core-lifting ring is commonly fitted closely against its surrounding shell. This construction has been found objectionable for the reason that when working in soft or friable strata the forcible current of water tends to pass between the ring and the core ICC IIO

and is liable to erode or wear away part of the core. By making the core-lifting ring with a smooth inner surface, as is herein shown, and providing passages outside of the ring for the downward iiow of water, practically none of the water passes between the ring and the core, but the water is deflected at the upper end of the ring and passes outside of the same, so that practically no wearing away or erosion of the core will take place. The avoidance of the forcible passage of water in contact with the core is of special importance in drilling through salt or other solu ble materials.

The drilling-tool illustrated is operated in the usual manner, the lifting of the tool when a core of desired length has been formed serving to bring the inclined surfaces of the shell D against the correspondingly-inclined surfaces of the liftingring, so as to clamp the ring against the core and thus sustain the same while it is being lifted, the ring acting to break off the core when it is of rock and unbroken, or integral with its bed, and lifting the core when itis of separable strata. In taking out the core from the bored hole the entire drill-rod and core-barrel may be raised bodily, or the core-barrel may be withdrawn from the tubular drill-rod through the same, in which case the latter will be left in the hole.

An important advantage is obtained by the use of a plurality of inclined surfaces or ribs on the corebarrel in connection with corresponding inclined surfaces or projections on the oorering, for the reason that by this construction. the expansion and contraction of the ring necessary for gripping or releasing the core is produced by a relativelyshort vertical movement of the parts surrounding the gripping-ring. In similar gripping devices as heretofore constructed the ring has been provided with conical outer surfaces engaging a conical recess in the lower end of the boringtool, and the ring has been Ymade relatively short to avoid making the conical surface of the recess so long as to require too much thickness in the shell containing it. By providing a plurality of separate inclined surfaces on the gripping-ring and the parts surrounding it a longer ring may be employed adapted to act upon a larger surface of the core with a more even pressure, thereby lessening liability of breaking or crushing of the core when of soft material, while at the same time securing greater certainty of the liftingring remaining in its vertical position, or, in other words, avoiding possibility of the lifting-ring becoming displaced or thrown into an oblique position by contact of the broken core or irregular parts of the core therewith.

While we have shown the lifting-rin g as applied to the lower end of a separate internal core-barrel, yet it will of course be understood that a similarly-constructed ring may be applied to the lower end of the tubular drill-rod itself where no separate core-barrel is employed, and the drill-rod itself is adapted to immediately receive the core, and therefore, in'effect, forms the core-barrel.

We claim as our inventionl. The combination, with a core barrel provided at its lower part with a plurality of internal, inclined ribs or surfaces, of an expansible core lifting ring provided with a plurality of external, inclined projections corresponding with and adapted to engage the in clined ribs or surfaces of the core barrel, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a core barrel provided with a plurality of internal, inclined ribs or surfaces, of an expansible core lifting ring provided with a smooth inner surface and having on its outer surface a plurality of projections or lugs arranged in annular rows and inclined to correspond with the inclined surfaces of the core barrel, substantially as described.

3. In combination, with a core barrel provided with a plurality of internal, inclined ribs or surfaces having vertical notches or grooves for the passage of water, of a core lifting ring having a smooth internal surface, and a plurality of external lugs or projections arranged in annular rows and adapted to engage the said inclined ribs or surfaces of the core barrel, substantially as described.

Ll. The combination, with a tubular drill rod, of a core barrel therein, a core lifting ring shell attached to the lower end of the core barrel and provided with a plurality of internal, inclined surfaces having vertical notches or grooves for the passage of water, and a core lifting ring provided with a plurality of external lugs or projections inclined to correspond with and adapted to engage the in clined ribs or surfaces of the said shell, sub stantially as described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES F. DUGGAN. MILAN C. BULLOCK. INitnesses:

C. CLARENCE PooLn, GEORGE W. HIGGINS, Jr.

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